Effect of Intraduodenal Bile and Taurodeoxycholate on Exocrine Pancreatic Secretion and on Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Somatostatin in Man

Intraduodenal (i.d.) application of bile or Na-taurodeoxycholate (TDC) dose dependently enhances basal exocrine pancreatic secretion. The hydrokinetic effect is mediated at least in part by secretin. This study should show, whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a partial agonist of secretin, may also be involved in the mediation of the hydrokinetic effect. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were measured in order to check whether this counterregulating hormone is also released by bile and TDC. Twenty investigations were carried out on 10 fasting healthy volunteers provided with a double-lumen Dreiling tube. Bile and TDC were intraduodenally applied in doses of 2-6 g and 200-600 mg, respectively, at 65-min intervals. Plasma samples were withdrawn at defined intervals for radioimmunological determination of VIP and SLI. Duodenal juice was collected in 10-min fractions and analyzed for volume, pH, bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, and amylase. I.d. application of bile or TDC dose dependently stimulated hydrokinetic and ecbolic pancreatic secretion. Bile exerted a slightly stronger effect than TDC. Pancreatic response was simultaneously accompanied by a significant increase of plasma VIP and SLI concentrations. The effect of bile on integrated plasma VIP and SLI concentrations seems to be dose dependent; the effect of TDC on integrated SLI, too. For the increase of integrated plasma VIP concentrations after TDC no dose-response relation could be established. We conclude that VIP may be a further mediator of bile-induced volume and bicarbonate secretion. The release of plasma SLI indicates that inhibitory mechanisms concomitantly are triggered by i.d. bile and TDC, as already shown during digestion for the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion

New insights into SRY regulation through identification of 5' conserved sequences

Background: SRY is the pivotal gene initiating male sex determination in most mammals, but how its expression is regulated is still not understood. In this study we derived novel SRY 5' flanking genomic sequence data from bovine and caprine genomic BAC clones

Reactive Base Control for On-The-Move Mobile Manipulation in Dynamic Environments

We present a reactive base control method that enables high performance mobile manipulation on-the-move in environments with static and dynamic obstacles. Performing manipulation tasks while the mobile base remains in motion can significantly decrease the time required to perform multi-step tasks, as well as improve the gracefulness of the robot's motion. Existing approaches to manipulation on-the-move either ignore the obstacle avoidance problem or rely on the execution of planned trajectories, which is not suitable in environments with dynamic objects and obstacles. The presented controller addresses both of these deficiencies and demonstrates robust performance of pick-and-place tasks in dynamic environments. The performance is evaluated on several simulated and real-world tasks. On a real-world task with static obstacles, we outperform an existing method by 48\% in terms of total task time. Further, we present real-world examples of our robot performing manipulation tasks on-the-move while avoiding a second autonomous robot in the workspace. See https://benburgesslimerick.github.io/MotM-BaseControl for supplementary materials